Equatorial Plasma Bubbles: A Review

The equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) phenomenon is an important component of space weather as the ionospheric irregularities that develop within EPBs can have major detrimental effects on operation satellite-based communication and navigation systems. Although name suggests occur in ionosphere, nature instability gives rise to such bubbles may extend over a large part global ionosphere between geomagnetic latitudes approximately ±15°. scientific challenge continues be understand day-to-day variability occurrence characteristics EPBs, their latitudinal extent development EPBs. In this paper, basic theoretical aspects processes involved generation associated irregularities, observations using different techniques will reviewed. Special focus given scintillations produced by scattering VHF higher frequency radio waves while they propagate through with these revealed new information about non-linear Rayleigh–Taylor plasma, which genesis